The Journal of Interpersonal Violence has published Nightlife Violence: A Gender-Specific View on Risk Factors for Violence in Nightlife Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Nine European Countries. Whilst obvious barriers to the applications of these findings (i.e. difference in location and cultures from Australia to Europe), the journal still highlights very interesting anthropological factors that contribute to gender violence in nightlife. It notes there are few empirical studies to assess differences in risk factors between genders.

Venue infrastructure and characteristics also played a role in a gendered experience of violence.